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鸦片战争前后中国白银大量外流,造成银贵钱贱的现象,不少地区一两白银兑钱二千甚至更多,导致物价上涨,阶级矛盾激化;日本在明治维新前黄金也大量外流,货币贬值,物价上涨,矛盾激化,对民生、经济影响至巨;新航路开辟以后,西班牙、葡萄牙等国的黄金大量流入造成物价上涨,通货膨胀,最终造成价格革命。同样都是物价上涨,但原因却不相同,本文主要探讨这几个国家在相应时期的货币政策,浅略地分析各国物价上涨的原因及区别。
Before and after the Opium War, massive outflows of Chinese silver caused the phenomenon of devaluation of silver and gold. In many areas, silver or silver was exchanged for 2,000 or more, resulting in price inflation and intensification of class contradictions. In the meantime, Japan also expelled a large amount of gold before the Meiji Restoration and currency devaluation , Rising prices and intensified conflicts have greatly affected the people’s livelihood and the economy. After the opening of the new route, a large influx of gold from Spain, Portugal and other countries caused prices to rise and inflation eventually led to the price revolution. The same is the price rise, but the reasons are not the same, this article mainly discusses the monetary policy of these countries in the corresponding period, a brief analysis of the causes and the difference between the national price increases.