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(一)国外概况 岩体力学是一门比土力学更年轻的,研究岩体工程地质条件和物理、力学特性及其变化规律的学科。1950年以后国际上才正式承认岩体力学是力学的一门分支学科。 50年代由于采矿、水电、建筑、交通等事业迅速发展,工程中的岩体力学问题越来越被人们重视,许多国家陆续建立了专门研究机构,如法国多科工艺学院的固体力学试验室,奥地利萨尔兹堡的以L·米勒为领导的地质力学研究中心,意大利的ISMES研究室,葡萄牙里斯本的建筑研究试验室,苏联乌克兰的矿业研究所,美国农垦局和矿务局的岩石力学试验室,挪威土工研究所,英国土力学会下的岩石力学工作组,以及瑞典和日本等国均设有类似
(I)Overview of foreign countries Rock mechanics is a discipline that is younger than soil mechanics and studies the engineering geological conditions and physics and mechanical properties of rocks and their changing laws. After 1950, it was officially recognized internationally that rock mechanics was a branch of mechanics. In the 1950s, due to the rapid development of mining, hydropower, construction, and transportation, the rock mechanics problems in engineering were increasingly emphasized. Many countries have successively established specialized research institutes, such as the solid mechanics laboratory of the French Polytechnic Institute. Geomechanical Research Center led by L. Miller in Salzburg, Austria, ISMES Research Laboratory in Italy, Architectural Research Laboratory in Lisbon, Portugal, Mining Institute in Soviet Ukraine, Mining Bureau and Minerals Bureau of Rock Mechanics Laboratory, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, Working Group on Rock Mechanics under the British Society of Soil Mechanics, and similar countries such as Sweden and Japan