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改革开放以来,我国经济实现了GDP年均增长率接近10%的高增长。其中总消费对GDP的贡献份额在60%左右,是带动经济增长的最主要因素。从最终使用的角度来看,消费包括居民消费和政府消费,而居民消费占总消费的比重在77%以上,因此在推动经济增长的因素中,居民消费起着至关重要的作用。一、改革开放以来居民收人及消费发展状况改革开放以来,居民消费的规模不断扩大,由1978年的1759.1亿元上升到1998年的36921.1亿元,年均增长16.44%。居民消费总规模随城乡居民收入的变化而发生阶段性的波动和调整,而城乡居民收入又受收入分配政策影响。1978年后,我国收入分配政策在很长时期内向城乡居民个人倾斜,使得城乡居民个人所得在GNP中所占比重一直呈上升趋势,由1978年的50.5%上升到1994年的69.6%,其中农民所得比重先上升后下降,1978—1994年间提高了1.2个百分点,而城镇居民所得比重由1978年的20.1%上升到1994年的38%,上升了18个百分点。由此可见,改革开放以来,我国居民(特别是城镇居民)
Since the reform and opening up, China’s economy has achieved an average annual growth rate of nearly 10% of GDP. The contribution of total consumption to GDP is about 60%, which is the most important factor driving economic growth. From the perspective of end-use, consumption includes both resident consumption and government consumption, and the proportion of household consumption to total consumption is above 77%. Therefore, household consumption plays a crucial role in promoting economic growth. I. Residents’ Income and Consumption Development Since Reform and Opening Up Since the reform and opening up, the scale of household consumption has been constantly expanding from 1759.1 billion yuan in 1978 to 36921.1 billion yuan in 1998, an average annual increase of 16.44%. The total scale of household consumption fluctuates and adjusts step by step with the changes in the income of urban and rural residents, while the incomes of urban and rural residents are affected by the income distribution policy. After 1978, the income distribution policy of our country tilted to urban and rural residents for a very long period of time, making the proportion of urban and rural residents’ personal income in GNP has been on an upward trend, from 50.5% in 1978 to 69.6% in 1994, of which farmers The share of income rose first and then dropped, increasing by 1.2 percentage points from 1978 to 1994 while the share of urban residents increased from 18.1% in 1978 to 38% in 1994, an increase of 18%. Thus, since the reform and opening up, Chinese residents (especially urban residents)