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一般人都知道“身”指的是躯体,而“心”指的是心情或精神。可是心与身两者的关系是复杂且微妙的,没有人很清楚地了解彼此的实际情况。随着医学知识的进展,连精神科医生对这方面的看法也改变了不少,让我们简单回顾说明一下。 精神医学对“心与身”的各种看法: 过去的“心身疾患”观点——古代的西欧医生都认为所有的疾患都是因人的身体有生理上的障碍而引起的,如感染发炎、外伤、循环障碍、变质、长瘤、中毒等等。连精神方面的障碍也认为是躯体有毛病才影响精神的毛病,可说是器质性的病因观点。至于我国中医从头就体会到心身是相互影响的,《黄帝内经》里就主张“形神一体观”。西方的精神科医师到了二十世纪初,才开始体会有些精神疾患是因心理因素而发病,提出“精神神经症”的病名,指精神上的挫折会引起神经系统的功能障碍。接着,也创用医学名词“心身症”,指心情上的困难,会影响身体的生理状态,进而发生躯体的毛病,建立心因性躯体疾病的说法。大家
Most people know that “body” refers to the body, and “heart” refers to the mood or spirit. However, the relationship between heart and body is complicated and subtle. No one knows the actual situation of each other very clearly. With the progress of medical knowledge, even psychiatrists have changed a lot in this respect, let us briefly review and explain. Psychiatry’s Different Viewpoints on “Heart and Body”: The Past “Psychosomatic Disorders” Viewpoint - Ancient Western European doctors all thought that all the diseases were caused by the physical obstacles of the human body, such as the inflammation, Trauma, circulatory disturbance, metamorphosis, long tumor, poisoning and the like. Even the mental disorders are also considered to be physical problems only affect the mental problems, can be described as the organic causes of disease. As for the TCM in our country, we have all along realized that the mind and body are mutually influential, and the “Yellow Emperor’s Canon of Internal Medicine” advocates “one form and one mind”. At the beginning of the twentieth century, western psychiatrists began to realize that some mental disorders were caused by psychological factors. The name of “neuroticism” was proposed. Mental disorder refers to the nervous system dysfunction. Then, the medical term “psychosomatic disease” is also used to refer to the psychological difficulties that can affect the physical state of the body, thereby causing physical problems and establishing psychogenic physical diseases. everyone