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为了解我市铸造业的粉尘危害状况,在8家铸造企业选择有代表性的66个采样点,在工人呼吸带高度采集粉尘样品,采用滤膜重量法检测各作业岗位的总粉尘浓度,用焦磷酸法测定游离SiO2含量。对498名粉尘作业工人进行职业健康检查,并选取156名不接触有害作业的科室及后勤人员作为对照组进行对比检查分析。结果显示,66个粉尘点中碾砂、大炉、浇铸和抛丸岗位总粉尘浓度的超标率均为100%,超标较严重的岗位为抛丸、碾砂等,最高超限倍数分别为22.4和18.4。职业健康检查发现接尘组呼吸系统自觉症状中咳嗽、咳痰、胸闷、气短等患病率均高于对照组(P<0.01或P<0.05);接尘组和对照组的肺功能异常情况比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);且随着工龄的增加,粉尘作业工人的肺功能异常率有逐渐加重的趋势,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。
In order to understand the dust hazard of the foundry industry in our city, eight representative casting enterprises selected 66 sampling points to collect the dust samples at the worker’s breathing zone height and the total dust concentration of each job post by the membrane gravimetric method Determination of free SiO2 by pyrophosphoric acid method. Conducted occupational health checks on 498 dust-exposed workers and selected 156 departments and logisticians not exposed to harmful jobs as the control group for comparative examination and analysis. The results showed that the over-standard rates of total dust concentration in ground, sand-casting, casting and shot blasting were all 100% for the 66 dust spots, and those exceeding the more serious ones were shot blasting and sand blasting with the maximum over-limit multiples of 22.4 And 18.4. Occupational health examination found that the prevalence of cough, sputum, chest tightness, shortness of breath and so on were all higher than those in the control group (P <0.01 or P <0.05), and those in the dust control group and the control group The difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). With the increase of seniority, the rate of abnormal lung function of dust-exposed workers tended to aggravate gradually (P <0.01).