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目的对2010—2012年晋江市手足口病(hand foot and mouth disease,HFMD)流行病学特征进行分析,为制订有效防控措施提供依据。方法疫情资料来源于中国疾病预防控制信息系统,病原学资料来源于晋江市疾病预防控制中心实验室数据及泉州市疾病预防控制中心实验结果反馈数据,人口资料来源于晋江市统计年鉴。收集2010年1月1日—2012年12月31日晋江市HFMD病例发病时间、地区、人群分布等资料,运用Excel2007、SPSS16.0进行统计分析。聚集性病例为《手足口病预防控制指南(2009版)》中对该病的定义。按照《手足口病预防控制指南(2009版)》对HFMD临床诊断病例采集其咽拭子标本,采用实时荧光定量-聚合酶链反应进行病毒核酸检测。结果 2010—2012年晋江市共报告HFMD13 173例,年发病率分别为230.46/10万、156.21/10万、323.22/10万,发病率先下降后上升。2010年报告重症42例、死亡1例,2011年报告重症28例、死亡1例,2012年报告重症22例、无死亡。重症、死亡病例数逐年下降。5—6月为发病高峰。报告病例数居前三位的乡镇分别是陈埭镇(1 653例)、安海镇(1 545例)、池店镇(1 306例)。2010—2012年各年均1~2岁发病最多,分别占32.74%、34.71%、29.38%;0~3岁共发病10 820例,占82.14%。2010—2012年发病男8 714例,女4 459例,男女比为1.95∶1。2010—2012年各年均散居儿童发病最多,分别占76.49%、80.47%、72.95%。92例重症病例中肠道病毒71型(enterovirus,EV71)感染91例。2010—2012年共处理HFMD聚集性疫情66起,单纯家庭聚集性疫情占50.00%。结论 2010—2012年晋江市HFMD疫情呈上升趋势,病原学检测结果显示病毒以EV71为主,疫情具有明显人群、地区和季节特征。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Jinjiang City from 2010 to 2012, and provide evidence for effective prevention and control measures. Methods The epidemic data were collected from China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The etiological data were obtained from laboratory data from Jinjiang CDC and Quanzhou CDC. The population data were from Jinjiang Statistical Yearbook. The data of onset, regional and population distribution of HFMD cases in Jinjiang from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2012 were collected and statistically analyzed with Excel2007 and SPSS16.0. The clustering case is defined in the Handbook for the Prevention and Control of Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease (2009 edition). Throat swab specimens were collected from clinical diagnosis of HFMD in accordance with Handbook for the Prevention and Control of Hand-foot-Mouth Disease (2009 Edition), and real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the virus nucleic acid. Results A total of 173 cases of HFMD13 were reported in Jinjiang City from 2010 to 2012, with annual incidences of 230.46 / 100000, 156.21 / 100000 and 323.22 / 100000, respectively. The incidence rate first decreased and then increased. In 2010, 42 cases were reported as severe and 1 died. In 2011, 28 cases were reported as severe and 1 died. In 2012, 22 cases were reported as severe and no death was reported. Severe cases, the number of deaths decreased year by year. May-June for the peak incidence. The top three cities with reported cases are Chencheng (1 653), Anhai (1 545) and Chihsien (1 306). The incidence of 1 ~ 2 years old was the highest among all the years from 2010 to 2012, accounting for 32.74%, 34.71% and 29.38% respectively; while 10 820 cases were 0 to 3 years old, accounting for 82.14%. In 2010-2012, there were 8 714 males and 4 459 females, with a ratio of men to women of 1.95: 1. The incidence of diaspora was highest in each year from 2010 to 2012, accounting for 76.49%, 80.47% and 72.95% respectively. In 92 severe cases, 91 cases were infected with enterovirus (EV71). From 2010 to 2012, a total of 66 cases of HFMD epidemic were treated, and 50.8% of cases of pure family aggression occurred. Conclusion The epidemic situation of HFMD in Jinjiang City showed an upward trend from 2010 to 2012. The results of pathogenic tests showed that EV71 was predominant in the virus, and the epidemic situation had obvious population, regional and seasonal characteristics.