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19世纪六七十年代,内忧外患迫使中国人冷静地思考和反省,终于认识到了西方的先进和发达,感受到了不如西方的地方。由于西方文化首先呈现在中国人面前的是疯狂的经济掠夺和残酷的军事侵略,所以人们首先将注意力集中在西方物质文明的优长方面。出于维护大清王朝封建统治的需要,地主阶级改革派组成的洋务派相继创办了一批近代化的军事工业、民用企业和新式学堂、新式海军等等,掀起了一场以“自强”、“求富”为中心的洋务新政。
In the 1960s and 1970s, the internal and external problems forced the Chinese to think and reflect calmly. They finally realized that the West was advanced and developed and felt worse than the West. Since the Western culture was first presented to the Chinese people by the crazy economic plunder and brutal military aggression, people first focused their attention on the superiority of Western material civilization. In order to safeguard the feudal dynastic rule of the Qing Dynasty, the Westernizationists composed of the landlord class reformists have successively established a number of modern military industries, civil enterprises, new schools, new navies, etc., “,” Seeking wealth "as the center of the new foreign affairs.