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目的系统评价我国农村重点人群营养改善措施的实施情况、实施效果以及存在的问题。方法计算机检索VIP、CNKI、Wan Fang Data和CBM数据库,纳入所有关于我国农村重点人群营养改善措施的实施情况、实施效果以及存在问题的研究,检索时限截至2014年1月1日。由2位研究者按照纳入与排除标准筛选文献、提取资料和评价纳入研究的方法学质量后,对纳入研究从营养改善措施实施情况和实施效果等方面进行定性分析。结果共纳入79个研究。定性分析结果显示:纳入研究最早发表于1990年,38.0%的研究实施地区在我国西北和西南地区,31.6%的研究有基金资助,主要是国际基金;90.0%的研究以婴幼儿及10岁以下儿童作为营养改善对象;营养改善措施多样,55.7%的研究以容易实施的营养宣教作为营养改善手段,38.0%的研究干预时间不超过半年;32.9%的研究以血液指标作为结局评价指标;所有研究均表明各种营养改善措施均能提升农村重点人群的营养水平。结论我国农村重点人群的营养改善研究实施较早且以西部不发达地区为重点,但对重点人群的关注不平衡,尤其是对老年人的关注不够。面对面营养宣教是开展最多的营养改善措施,但它不能直观反映出营养状况的改变情况。另外,一些营养改善研究干预的时间较短,提示需要更多的政府或机构的经费资助。
Objective To systematically evaluate the implementation of nutrition improvement measures, implementation effects and existing problems of key rural population in our country. Methods The databases of VIP, CNKI, Wan Fang Data and CBM were searched by computer, and all the research about the implementation of nutrition improvement measures, implementation effects and existing problems of key rural population in our country were included. The search period was up to January 1, 2014. After two researchers screened the literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data and evaluated the quality of the methodology included in the study, the qualitative analysis was conducted on the implementation of the nutrition improvement measures and the implementation effect of the included studies. Results A total of 79 studies were included. Qualitative analysis showed that: the inclusion study was first published in 1990, 38.0% of the research area in China’s northwestern and southwestern regions, 31.6% of the research funded, mainly international funds; 90.0% of the study to infants and children under 10 years of age Children as nutrition improvement object; Nutritional improvement measures varied; 55.7% of the studies conducted nutrition promotion with easy implementation as a means of nutrition improvement; 38.0% of the research interventions did not exceed six months; 32.9% of the studies used the blood index as the outcome evaluation index; All showed that various nutrition improvement measures can improve the nutritional level of key rural population. Conclusions The research on nutrition improvement of key rural population in our country was carried out earlier and focused on the underdeveloped western areas. However, the focus on the key population is not balanced, especially for the elderly. Face to face nutrition education is the most nutrition improvement measure, but it can not directly reflect the change of nutritional status. In addition, some nutrition improvement research interventions are short-lived, suggesting that more government or agency funding is needed.