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运用法律手段整体配套建设我国农村土地产权体系、土地市场和土地管理制度,已经成为进一步深化农村改革、推进农村经济市场化和完善农村法制建设的一项重要内容。我国土地承包制下能够承担土地利用内部激励功能和土地外部交易功能的核心产权是农户的土地承包权。因此,农地制度法制建设最关键的是对农户的土地权利即土地承包权进行法律界定和保护。以法律的形式界定和保护农户的土地权利,首先要求以法定的形式赋予农民长期而有保障的土地使用权,更具体地说,就是要以法定的形式取代由政策规定、合同约定农户土地权利的做法,以法定主义的物权来界定和保护农户的土地权利。在我国农地制度法制建设中,对土地产权体系的法律规范要以土地所有权为前提,以农地使用权为核心,以他项权利为辅助,形成包括由土地所有权、农地使用权(或土地承包权)和他项权利组成的物权体系和作为债权的土地经营权在内的广义的土地产权体系。依法培育和发展以农地使用权为基础的农地流转市场。我国农村改革在制度创新上的最大成就在于创设了农户的土地承包权,正是在土地承包权的基础上,农村家庭经济得到迅速恢复,并由此支撑了农村经济的全面繁荣和持续发展。改革的实践向人们充分展示了有效的制度创新带来的经济绩效,而这又强化了制度创新的基本路径以及人们关于农地制度建设的基本共识,即以法律的形式赋予农民长期而有保障的土地使用权。以法律的形式而不再仅仅是通过政策规定、合同约定的形式来规范和保护农民的土地权利,无疑将使农民的土地权利获得更加坚实可靠的保障;同时也意味着我国农地制度进入了法制化建设的新时期。运用法律手段整体配套建设我国农村士地产权体系、土地市场和土地管理制度,已经成为进一步深化农村改革、推进农村经济市场化和完善农村法制建设的一项重要内容。
The overall construction of China’s rural land property rights system, land market and land management system through legal means has become an important part of further deepening rural reform, promoting the marketization of rural economy and perfecting the legal system in rural areas. Under the system of land contract in our country, the core property right which can bear the internal incentive function of land use and the external transaction function of land is the land contracting rights of farmers. Therefore, the most crucial point of the legal system construction of the farmland system is to define and protect the land rights of the farmers, that is, the land contractual right. To define and protect the land rights of farmers in the form of law requires, firstly, the long-term and guaranteed land-use rights granted to farmers by statutory means. More specifically, the legal right should be replaced by the provisions of the law. The contract stipulates that farmers’ land rights The legalist right to define and protect the land rights of farmers. In the construction of legal system of farmland system in our country, the legal norms of the system of land property rights should take the land ownership as the premise, the farmland use right as the core, and the other rights as the auxiliary to form the legal system including land ownership, farmland use right Land contracting rights) and other rights of the composition of the system of property rights and land as the creditor’s right to operate, including the broad land property system. Foster and develop market for the transfer of farmland based on the right to use farmland according to law. The most significant achievement of institutional innovation in rural reform in our country lies in the creation of the contractual rights of farmers for land. It is on the basis of land contractual rights that the rapid recovery of the rural household economy has supported the overall prosperity and sustainable development of the rural economy. The practice of reform fully shows the economic performance brought about by effective institutional innovation, which in turn reinforces the basic path of institutional innovation and the basic consensus of people on the construction of farmland system that the peasants are given long-term and guaranteed protection by law Land use rights. It is undoubtedly a more solid and reliable guarantee that the land rights of peasants will be more solidly and reliably protected in the form of law rather than the mere regulation and protection of peasants’ land rights just by the stipulations of policies and stipulations of contracts. At the same time, it means that the system of land in our country has entered The new period of legal system construction. To use the legal means to support the overall construction of China’s rural land property rights system, land market and land management system has become an important part of further deepening rural reform, promoting the marketization of rural economy and improving the legal system in rural areas.