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目的了解广西居民膳食摄入和营养状况以及与之相关的慢性非传染病的分布情况。方法采取多阶段整群随机抽样方法,于2002年抽取广西南宁、钦州、河池、贺州4个市的4个城区和天等、巴马、忻城、靖西等4个县4268户、17104人,按全国统一调查方法分别进行居民膳食调查、问卷调查,医学体检和血红蛋白、血糖、血脂等实验室检测。结果与1992年结果比较,广西居民畜禽肉、奶类、水果等食品摄入量分别增加了71.2、9.0和22.7g,优质蛋白质来源达到46.9%;每标准人日摄入的能量、蛋白质分别为9226.2kj和64.4g,分别占推荐摄入量(RNI)的91.8%和85.4%;而脂肪供给的能量占31.3%,视黄醇当量和核黄素摄入偏低,仅分别达到推荐标准(RNI)的30.4%、59.1%,钙摄入仅达到适应标准(AI)的39.4%。医学检查和实验室检测结果显示:广西居民营养不良率为12.9%,贫血率为16.8%;肥胖患病率(含中心性肥胖)为9.1%和超重率为4.4%;成人高血压患病率13.8%、糖尿病患病率1.43%、血脂异常率15.3%,估计广西成人高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常人数分别达到456.8、43.0和461.0万人。结论广西城乡居民每日能量、蛋白质、脂肪摄入量充足,优质蛋白质消费有明显提高,贫血和营养不良仍然存在,尤其是农村更为严重;同时与营养有关的慢性非传染病正在成为我区重要的公共卫生问题,其防治形势十分严峻。
Objective To understand the dietary intake and nutritional status of Guangxi residents and the distribution of chronic noncommunicable diseases associated with them. Methods A multi-stage cluster random sampling method was adopted. In 2002, 4 cities in 4 cities of Nanning, Qinzhou, Hechi and Hezhou in Guangxi and 4268 households and 17104 people in 4 counties including Tianma, Bama, Yucheng and Jingxi were selected. According to the national unified investigation method, residents’ dietary surveys, questionnaire surveys, medical examinations, and laboratory tests such as hemoglobin, blood glucose, and blood lipids were conducted. Results Compared with the results in 1992, the food intake of livestock and poultry meat, milk, and fruits in Guangxi increased by 71.2, 9.0, and 22.7 g, respectively, and the quality protein source reached 46.9%; the daily intake of energy and protein per standard person was 9226.2kj and 64.4g, respectively, accounted for 91.8% and 85.4% of the recommended intake (RNI), while the fat supply energy accounted for 31.3%. The retinol equivalent and riboflavin intake were low, and only reached the recommended standards respectively. (30.4%, 59.1% of (RNI), calcium intake reached only 39.4% of the adaptation criteria (AI). Results of medical examination and laboratory tests showed that the malnutrition rate of Guangxi residents was 12.9%, and the rate of anemia was 16.8%; the prevalence of obesity (including central obesity) was 9.1% and the overweight rate was 4.4%; the prevalence of hypertension in adults was 13.8%, the prevalence of diabetes was 1.43%, and the rate of dyslipidemia was 15.3%. It was estimated that the number of adults with hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia in Guangxi reached 456.8, 43.0, and 4.61 million, respectively. Conclusion The urban and rural residents in Guangxi have sufficient daily energy, protein and fat intake, and the consumption of high-quality protein is obviously improved. Anemia and malnutrition still exist, especially in rural areas. Nutrition-related chronic non-communicable diseases are becoming our district. The important public health problems are very severe.