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20世纪六七十年代以来,公共史学迅速发展,促使史学出现了三个层次:学院史学(职业史学)——公共史学——通俗史学。公共史学有广义和狭义之分,本文赞同从狭义上理解公共史学和公共历史学家,即强调他们与公众合作生产历史知识。公共史学的兴起有多方面的社会文化原因,如西方社会的民主化进程、史学地位的下降与社会对历史的兴趣的增长,以及“历史记忆”项目的开展等等。公共史学的讲述需要一定技巧,历史学家的学术知识和通俗知识需要相互协作,这样才能保证历史知识的生产、传输和接受。对于公共史学的评价,不能套用学院史学的标准,而应该有自己的标准。
Since the 1960s and 1970s, the rapid development of public historiography has prompted the emergence of historiography at three levels: academic historiography (occupational history) - public historiography - popular historiography. Public historiography has a broad and narrow sense. This article agrees with a narrow understanding of public historians and public historians, emphasizing that they cooperate with the public to produce historical knowledge. The rise of public historiography has many social and cultural reasons, such as the democratization of Western society, the decline of historiography and the increase of social interest in history, and the development of “historical memory” projects. The narration of public historiography requires certain skills. Historians’ academic knowledge and popular knowledge need to cooperate with each other in order to ensure the production, transmission and acceptance of historical knowledge. For the evaluation of public history, can not apply the standard of academic history, but should have its own standards.