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The modulatory effect of Xuezhikang on dyslipidemia and the preventive effect on atherosclerosis in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients were studied.A prospective clinical trial was conducted to test the effectiveness of Xuezhikang in selected 201 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients.All patients were randomly divided into two groups:108 with Xuezhikang therapy and 93 without Xuezhikang therapy.The mean followup period was 22 months.The blood glucose and blood pressure of all patients were under control.Serum levels of total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)were significantly lowered and their decreased percentages were significantly higher in Xuezhikang therapy group(P＜0.05).The number of patients with arteria iliaca intima thickening was significantly lower in group of Xuezhikang therapy (P=0.024).With stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis,the decreased percentage of TG was significantly and independently related with the decreased number of patients with arteria iliaca intima thickening(P=0.005).The study demonstrates that Xuezhikang therapy is effective on modulating dyslipidemia in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients,and may be related with the improvement of early atherosclerosis.