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“硬专家”和“软专家”是企业管理发展中出现的两个新名词。所谓“硬专家”指的是精通企业生产技术的人,而“软专家”则是指熟悉企业经营管理的人。资本主义企业出现初期,企业是资本家的企业,资本家是企业的所有者,也是企业的指挥者和管理者,他们对企业实行家长式的领导。但是,到本世纪二三十年代,企业规模越来越大,生产技术越来越复杂。
“Hard Experts” and “Soft Experts” are two new terms emerging in the development of business management. The so-called “hard expert” refers to the person proficient in production technology, and “soft expert” refers to people familiar with the business management. In the early days of capitalist enterprises, enterprises were capitalist enterprises. Capitalists were the owners of enterprises and also the commanders and managers of enterprises. They took the paternalistic leadership over the enterprises. However, by the 1920s and 1930s, the scale of the enterprises was getting bigger and larger, and the production technology became more and more complicated.