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芝麻是油料作物,世界上大多数国家都种植芝麻。按种植面积和产量来说目前芝麻生产大国有5个,它们依次是印度、中国、苏丹、缅甸、墨西哥,这5国的芝麻年产量占世界总产量的75％。一般认为,芝麻种植最早在非洲,但印度人早在3000多年以前就开始种植芝麻。根据比较旧的资料,1900年全球芝麻种植面积约630万公顷,其中印度为210万公顷,占总数的33.3％,产量为60万吨,占全球总产量220万吨的27％。其产量所占的比例较小是由于单位面积产量不高。例如1989年每公顷产量是271公斤,1990年增至303公斤。农业专家通过试验得出的结论认为,用科学方法种植管理芝麻可使其产量每公顷达到700—800公斤,显然目前还没有哪个国家达到这个水平。
Sesame is an oil crop, with sesame seeds grown in most countries in the world. According to the planting area and output, there are currently 5 large sesame producing countries, followed by India, China, Sudan, Myanmar and Mexico. The sesame production in these 5 countries accounts for 75% of the world’s total output. Sesame is generally believed that the earliest planting in Africa, but Indians began planting sesame as early as 3000 years ago. According to the older data, the world’s sesame planting area in 1900 was 6.3 million hectares, of which 2.1 million hectares were India, accounting for 33.3% of the total. The output was 600,000 tons, accounting for 27% of the world’s 2.2 million tons. The smaller proportion of its output is due to the low yield per unit area. For example, the output per hectare in 1989 was 271 kg and in 1990 it increased to 303 kg. According to the conclusion of experiments conducted by agricultural experts, the scientific method of planting and managing sesame seeds can bring its output to 700-800 kg per hectare. Apparently, no country has yet reached this level.