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1 引言新中国建立后,在党的“除害兴利”治河方针指引下,先后在河南黄河两岸修建引黄涵闸32座,灌溉面积约110万hm~2,并为沿黄工农业发展及城市生活提供了重要的水源。为确保涵闸的安全运行,及时发现涵闸的不均匀沉陷而引起倾斜、开裂等情况,必须对涵闸沉降进行观测和分析,以便采取有效措施,并为以后设计提供基础资料。2 引黄涵闸沉降观测时间和次数的确定由于黄河每年汛期和非汛期水量差别很大,加上水流和温度的影响,涵闸的变形在汛期和非污期有明显的区别。因此,沉
1 Introduction After the founding of New China, under the guideline of the party’s principle of “eliminating pollution and promoting health”, the two sides of the Yellow River in Henan Province have successively constructed 32 flood control culverts and irrigated an area of about 1.1 million hm 2. Agricultural development and urban life provide an important source of water. In order to ensure the safe operation of culvert and find out the incline and cracking caused by the uneven subsidence of culvert in time, the settlement of culvert should be observed and analyzed in order to take effective measures and provide the basic information for future design. 2 Determination of the time and frequency of the subsidence of the Yellow River Culvert During the flood season and non-flood season, the quantity of water in the Yellow River differs greatly. In addition, due to the effect of water flow and temperature, the deformation of the culvert is obviously different between flood season and non-pollution season. Therefore, Shen