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小麦是人类的主要粮食作物之一,在世界各种作物中小麦的面积和产量均列首位。八十年代初世界小麦面积约为36亿亩,总产量约为4,500亿公斤,面积正在扩大,产量不断增长。我国小麦面积约占世界总面积的六分之一,产量占世界总产量的七分之一,面积和总产量均居世界第二位。从世界各国小麦生产的历史看,育种工作对小麦产量和质量都起了明显作用。我国小麦育种工作,最早见于公元前一世纪有关小麦穗选的文字记录。长期以来,农民在多种多样的自然条件和生产条件下对小麦不断地进行选择,从而使我国小麦类型丰富多彩。采用科学理论与方法进行系统地小麦品种改良工作,则始于本世纪二十年代,但当时工作基础非常薄弱,进展十分缓慢。新中
Wheat is one of the staple food crops in mankind and wheat is the largest area and yield of all crops in the world. In the early 1980s, the world wheat area was about 3.6 billion mu and the total output was about 450 billion kilograms. The area is expanding and the output is constantly increasing. China’s wheat area accounts for about one-sixth of the total area of the world and its output accounts for one-seventh of the world’s total output. Its area and total output rank the second place in the world. From the history of wheat production in various countries in the world, breeding work has played a significant role in the yield and quality of wheat. The work of wheat breeding in China was first seen in the first century BC text records about wheat spike selection. For a long time, peasants have been constantly selecting wheat under a wide variety of natural conditions and production conditions so that the type of wheat in our country will be rich and colorful. The systematic improvement of wheat varieties using scientific theories and methods started in the 1920s, but the foundation for the work was very weak and the progress was slow. New