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目的掌握疫源地空间结构,适宜黄鼠生存的环境及面积,黄鼠种群数量和分布;了解啮齿动物及蚤类种群变化趋势;规划和确定鼠疫监测重点地区,调整相关监测指标;建立吉林省鼠疫信息数据库及图层集,为科学防治和监测提供依据。方法利用地理信息系统(Geographical Information System,GIS)和全球卫星定位系统(Global PositioningSystem,GPS)技术,以鼠疫主要贮存宿主为对象,开展疫源地现状调查。结果全省疫源面积为5644000hm2,其中黄鼠高密度分布区占6.96%,中密度分布区占19.57%;低密度分布区占30.12%;极低密度分布区占18.77%;无鼠区占24.57%。全省黄鼠聚集面积为793286hm2,聚集范围612449～1003149hm2,占疫源地面积的14.06%。预测黄鼠数量为1139930只,波动范围为793072～1488518只。啮齿动物种类较60年代减少了2科3属9种;蚤种类减少了2科12属28种。结论由于黄鼠适宜生存环境发生变化,因而导致黄鼠聚集面积减少,黄鼠数量明显降低。以通榆-双辽风沙草原、镇赉县北大岗真草草原、乾安黄土台地区、扶余县局部地区,以及其他景观区域的黄鼠高密度和中密度分布区为吉林省鼠疫重点监测地区;全省每年下达灭黄鼠指标以28万～40万只为宜。
Objective To understand the spatial structure of foci, the environment and area suitable for the survival of gazelle, the population and distribution of gibbon population, to understand the trend of rodents and fleas population changes, to plan and determine the key areas for plague surveillance and to adjust the related monitoring indicators, to establish Jilin Province Plague information database and set of layers for scientific prevention and monitoring provide the basis. Methods The Geographical Information System (GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS) technology were used to investigate the status quo of plague foci. Results The province had a total area of 5644000 hm2, of which, the distribution of high and low density was 6.96%, 19.57%, low density and low density were 18.77% and 24.57 respectively %. The province goby accumulation area of 793286hm2, the aggregation range of 612449 ~ 1003149hm2, accounting for 14.06% of the area of the epidemic. The number of gopher rats is predicted to be 1139930, with fluctuation range of 793072 ~ 1488518. There were 9 species of 3 genera in 2 families reduced from rodents in the 1960s and 28 species of 12 genera in 2 families. Conclusion Due to the change of suitable habitat of gondolas, the gossypium giganticum area is reduced and the number of gopher rats is obviously reduced. The high-density and medium density distribution areas of the ganoderma in Tongyu-Shuangliao aeolian grassland, Zhenjiang County, Dagazigang grassland steppe, Gan’an loess station area, local areas of Fuyu County and other landscape areas are the key plague-plague areas in Jilin Province. The province issued an annual target to kill squirrels to 280,000 ~ 400,000 is appropriate.