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以珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼为研究对象,探讨豆粕和酶解豆粕替代鱼粉对其生长、体组成、消化和代谢酶活力的影响。用豆粕替代基础饲料中0、20%、40%、60%和80%的鱼粉,酶解豆粕替代60%的鱼粉,配制6种等氮等能的饲料(SM0、SM20、SM40、SM60、SM80、HSM60)。选取初始体质量为(47.18±0.45)g的珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼540尾,随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾。试验期8周。结果显示:(1)同对照组相比,豆粕替代20%和40%鱼粉对幼鱼的生长和饲料利用无显著影响,SM60和SM80组幼鱼增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(S_(GR))、蛋白质效率(P_(ER))和摄食率(D_(FI))较SM0组显著降低(P<0.05),饲料系数(F_(CR))显著升高(P<0.05)。(2)全鱼粗蛋白含量随豆粕替代量的增加而降低,SM0组显著高于各替代组(P<0.05),SM40-80组全鱼粗灰分含量显著降低(P<0.05),SM80组肌肉水分含量显著升高(P<0.05),粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量显著降低(P<0.05),各豆粕替代组多种氨基酸的含量显著降低(P<0.05)。(3)SM60和SM80组胃蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力显著降低(P<0.05),各豆粕替代组胰蛋白酶活力显著低于SM0组(P<0.05)。(4)肝脏谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)活力在SM40-80组显著降低(P<0.05),SM20和SM40组葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶(G6P)活力显著升高(P<0.05)。(5)与SM60组相比,HSM60组幼鱼WGR、SGR和DFI显著升高(P<0.05),FCR显著降低(P<0.05),全鱼和肌肉粗脂肪含量显著降低(P<0.05),粗灰分含量显著升高(P<0.05),胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力显著升高(P<0.05),脂肪酶活力显著降低(P<0.05),AST和ALT活力显著升高(P<0.05),FAS活力显著降低(P<0.05)。综上所述,豆粕可替代40%的鱼粉而不影响珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼的生长,更高的替代量会对幼鱼的生长造成不利影响,在相同的替代水平,幼鱼对酶解豆粕的利用率更高。
Taking Juvenile gentian grouper as research object, the effects of soybean meal and enzymolysis soybean meal instead of fish meal on its growth, body composition, digestion and metabolic enzyme activities were studied. Substitute 0, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% of the fishmeal in the basic feed with soybean meal and 60% of the fishmeal by enzymatic hydrolysis of soybean meal to prepare 6 kinds of isosilable feeds (SM0, SM20, SM40, SM60, SM80 , HSM60). A total of 540 juveniles of gentian grouper with initial body mass of (47.18 ± 0.45) g were randomly divided into 6 groups with 3 replicates in each group, with 30 repeats each. Test period of 8 weeks. The results showed that: (1) Compared with the control group, 20% and 40% fishmeal replaced soybean meal had no significant effect on juvenile growth and feed utilization. The WGR and the specific growth rate (S_ (P <0.05). The feed efficiency (P_ (ER)) and food intake (D_ (FI)) were significantly decreased (P <0.05) and feed efficiency (F_ (CR) (2) The crude protein content of whole fish decreased with the increase of soybean meal replacement volume, the SM0 group was significantly higher than that of the substitutes (P <0.05), the crude ash content of the whole fish in SM40-80 group was significantly decreased (P <0.05) Muscle moisture content increased significantly (P <0.05), crude protein and crude fat content decreased significantly (P <0.05), and the content of various amino acids in each soybean meal replacement group decreased significantly (P <0.05). (3) The activities of pepsin and amylase in SM60 and SM80 groups were significantly decreased (P <0.05), the activities of trypsin in each soybean meal replacement group were significantly lower than those in SM0 group (P <0.05). (4) ALT and AST activities in liver decreased significantly in SM40-80 group (P <0.05), and glucose and 6 - phosphatase (G6P) activities in SM20 and SM40 groups were significantly increased (P < 0.05). (5) Compared with SM60 group, the WGR, SGR and DFI in juvenile HSM60 group were significantly increased (P <0.05), FCR was significantly lower (P <0.05), and the contents of crude fat and fat in whole fish and muscle were significantly decreased (P <0.05). The activities of pepsin, trypsin and amylase were significantly increased (P <0.05), the activity of lipase was significantly decreased (P <0.05), and the activities of AST and ALT were significantly increased P <0.05), FAS activity was significantly lower (P <0.05). In summary, soybean meal can replace 40% of the fish meal without affecting the growth of juvenile gentian grouper, a higher replacement will adversely affect the growth of juvenile fish at the same level of replacement, juvenile enzyme Better utilization of soybean meal.