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柴油机燃烧室的结构对发动机的动力性、经济性以及起动性等有着决定性的影响。本文主要介绍通过改进485型柴油机涡流室式燃烧室的结构来改善起动性。由新设计的涡流室镶块所构成的球锥形平底涡流室称QZ型涡流室式燃烧室。它的容积比V_k/V_c=38.5％;压缩比ε=20.5;通道面积比f_k/F=0.96％,通道倾斜角α=40°;涡流比Ω_c≈47;漏斗形起动孔30°×φ2mm,倾斜角β=60°;镶块的球锥母线半径R=30.5mm。实验证明,QZ型涡流室冷机起动性能较好,在气温10℃时,不用预热即可顺利起动,显然优于原机涡流室和D型涡流室;在负荷特性上,在标定功率37PS时测得燃油消耗率g_e为198.58/(PS·h),比原机降低6.4g/(PS·h),在标定转速2000r.p.m.时测得功率N_e为41.3PS,比原机增加1PS。
Diesel engine combustion chamber structure on the engine’s power, economy and start-up has a decisive impact. This article mainly introduces improving the starting performance by improving the structure of 485 type diesel swirl chamber combustor. The new design of the vortex chamber inserts formed by the ball conical flat vortex chamber QZ-type vortex chamber combustion chamber. Its volume ratio V_k / V_c = 38.5%; compression ratio ε = 20.5; channel area ratio f_k / F = 0.96%, channel inclination angle α = 40 °; vortex ratio Ω_c≈47; funnel-shaped starting hole 30 ° × φ2mm, Tilt angle β = 60 °; insert the ball cone radius R = 30.5mm. Experiments show that, QZ-type vortex chamber cooler starting better performance, at a temperature of 10 ℃, without preheating can be a smooth start, obviously better than the original vortex chamber and D-type vortex chamber; load characteristics, the calibration power of 37PS The measured fuel consumption rate g_e was 198.58 / (PS · h), lower than the original 6.4g / (PS · h), measured at a nominal speed of 2000r.pm power N_e 41.3PS, an increase of 1PS than the original machine.