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漆酶属于蓝多铜氧化酶家族,在自然界尤其是真菌中广泛存在。漆酶在催化多种底物氧化的同时,伴随氧一步四电子直接还原生成水,铜离子活性中心作为辅助基团,参与电子传递过程。漆酶这一良好的电化学特性使其成为生物阴极的理想催化剂。本文综述了漆酶作为具有生物活性的氧化还原蛋白质在电化学领域的研究情况,从漆酶的结构及来源、生物电催化反应机制(氧分子的还原和漆酶反应中间体的生成、铜离子活性中心的氧化还原电势、直接和介体参与的电子传递、影响漆酶电化学活性的因素)、漆酶修饰电极的材料和固定化技术及漆酶在电化学领域的应用等方面介绍了相关的研究进展。提出了漆酶电化学基础理论和实践应用中尚待解决的问题,展望了漆酶在电化学领域应用的发展方向。
Laccase belongs to the blue copper-copper oxidase family and is widespread in nature, especially fungi. Laccases catalyze the oxidation of a variety of substrates, accompanied by direct four-electron oxygen reduction to generate water, copper ion active center as a subsidiary group involved in the electron transfer process. The good electrochemical properties of laccase make it an ideal catalyst for biological cathodes. In this paper, the research situation of laccase as a biologically active redox protein in the field of electrochemistry is reviewed. From the structure and origin of laccase, the mechanism of bioelectrocatalysis (oxygen molecule reduction and laccase reaction intermediate formation, copper ion The redox potential of the active site, the electron transfer directly involved in the mediator and the factors affecting the electrochemical activity of the laccase), the material of the laccase modified electrode and the immobilization technology and the application of the laccase in the electrochemical field, etc. Research progress. The basic problems of laccase electrochemical basic theory and practical application are put forward, and the development direction of the application of laccase in electrochemical field is prospected.