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背景1964年,一个17%强的官方贫困率有助于使约翰逊总统相信,美国有必要“向贫穷开战”。此后15年间,美国的反贫穷之战取得了相当大的进展,官方的贫困率1979年降到了11.7%。但“向贫穷开战”的广泛的社会和劳动力市场计划的成效,仍然是一个学术上和政策上都颇有争议的问题;如果不是对这几十年间的现金(和实物)转移计划所取得的进展而言,美国的贫困率仍然相当高,这是不可否认的。事实上,在这一期间,实行转移计划前,穷人仍然占美国人口的20%左右;而在获得现金转移后,穷人的比率下降了30%。
Background In 1964, a 17% strong official poverty rate helped to convince President Johnson that it was necessary for the United States to “wage war on poverty.” In the 15 years since then, the United States has made considerable progress in the fight against poverty. Its official poverty rate dropped to 11.7% in 1979. However, the effectiveness of the extensive social and labor market plan of “fighting poverty” remains a matter of academic and policy controversy. If it were not for the decades of cash (and in kind) transfer programs As far as the progress made is concerned, the poverty rate in the United States is still quite high, which is undeniable. In fact, during this period, before the implementation of the transfer plan, the poor still accounted for about 20% of the U.S. population. After the transfer of cash, the proportion of the poor dropped by 30%.