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在煤矿巷道开挖过程中,巷道围岩变形不协调常常会产生顶板离层,围岩离层对锚杆加固影响程度的分析直接影响支护工程的安全性。基于拉拔荷载作用下锚杆锚固段的受力分布规律,综合考虑端部锚固锚杆预紧力作用及离层产生的附加荷载,得出含有离层的系统锚杆受力分布形式。结果表明:离层影响下,锚固体的轴力和界面剪应力均会增大,离层值过大时锚杆很容易失效,产生安全隐患。最后将离层影响考虑到煤矿锚固设计中,提出了新的巷道支护设计思路,通过分析发现考虑离层后的承载力设计方法更安全合理。
In the coal mine roadway excavation process, the deformation of the surrounding rock of the roadway often leads to the roof delamination. The analysis of the impact degree of the surrounding rock on the reinforcement of the rock bolt has a direct impact on the safety of the support engineering. Based on the stress distribution of bolt anchorage section under the action of pulling load, considering the preload of the end anchorage bolt and the additional load generated by the deviated layer, the stress distribution of the system anchor bolt with the separation layer is obtained. The results show that under the influence of layer separation, the axial force and interfacial shear stress of the anchor will increase. When the separation value is too large, the anchor rod will easily fail, which will cause potential safety hazard. In the end, taking into account the effect of layer separation, a new design idea of roadway support is proposed in coal mine anchorage design. It is found that the design method of bearing capacity considering the layer departure is safer and more reasonable.