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随着角膜移植手术技巧的改进,移植成功率明显提高,移植术后的免疫排斥反应越来越成为移植失败的主要原因。角膜移植免疫排斥反应是一个复杂的反应过程,受多种因素的调节。致敏T淋巴细胞在角膜移植排斥反应中起着重要的作用,是角膜排斥过程中的主要效应细胞。而T淋巴细胞的激活需要两个信号刺激,即除了通过APC递呈MHC处理过的抗原给抗原特异性T细胞提供第1信号外,还需协同刺激分子作为辅助信号的协同作用,才能使T细胞产生正常的免疫应答。如果缺少协同刺激分子的第2信号,将会导致调节性T细胞的无反应性或特异性免疫耐受。随着研究的深入,协同刺激信号已逐渐成为角膜移植免疫学研究的热点领域。B7分子作为重要的协同刺激分子,在角膜移植免疫排斥反应的发生及其治疗中起着重要作用。
With the improvement of the technique of corneal transplantation, the success rate of transplantation is obviously improved, and the immune rejection after transplantation becomes more and more the main reason of transplantation failure. Keratoplasty Immune rejection is a complex reaction process that is regulated by many factors. Sensitized T lymphocytes play an important role in keratoplasty rejection and are the main effector cells in corneal rejection. The activation of T lymphocytes requires two signal stimuli, that is, in addition to providing MHC-treated antigens by APC to provide the first signal to antigen-specific T cells, synergistic stimulation of molecules as helper signals is required in order to make T The cells produce a normal immune response. The absence of the second signal of costimulatory molecules will result in the non-responsive or specific immune tolerance of regulatory T cells. With the deepening of research, the signal of synergistic stimuli has gradually become a hot research field of immunology of corneal transplantation. As an important costimulatory molecule, B7 plays an important role in the pathogenesis and treatment of corneal graft rejection.