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中华文明源远流长,在五千年的文明史中创造了无数令世人为之叹为观止的成就。而这一切成就的取得显然都离不开发达的农耕文明的支持。在近代以前,农业在社会发展过程中有着举足轻重的地位。长城、黄河,作为中华文明的象征,于中国农耕文明颇具象征意义:长城,不仅是中原地区农耕民族防御游牧民族进攻的一道防线,更是一道农耕文明与游牧文明的地理分界线;黄河则为华夏文明的发展提供了丰厚的养分,使农耕文明在这片丰饶的东方古陆产生发达,并最终成为主导中国社会进步的力量。农耕文明能在古代中国社会经济的发展进程中占据主导地位,除去自然条件优越之外,更重要的是出于封建统治者的需要。为了维护统治,自战国时秦商鞅变法之后,封建统治者们几乎无一例外地实行重农抑商政策,从而使中国古代在几千年的文明进程中一直为土地所羁绊,而未能走向更高的社会发展阶段。在农耕文明的主导作用下,小农经济也就成为中国古代社会的经济基础,而在此之上形成的中国文化也就不可避免地带有了浓厚的农耕文明的色彩。儒家思想、宗法制度以及在此之上的林林总总,使中国的古代社会形成了一个近乎超稳定的结构,无论汉唐,无论明清,无论王朝的兴亡与更替,中国的古代社会都在沿着自己的既定步伐缓慢前行,而不受丝毫影响。
Chinese civilization has a long history and has created countless achievements that have made the world astonishing in five thousand years of civilization. Obviously, all these achievements can not be made without the support of the developed farming civilization. Before modern times, agriculture played a decisive role in the social development. The Great Wall and the Yellow River, as symbols of Chinese civilization, have a symbolic significance in farming civilization in China. The Great Wall is not only a defensive line of defense against nomadic ethnic groups in the Central Plains, but also a geographical dividing line between farming civilization and nomadic civilization. The Yellow River is The development of the Huaxia civilization provided abundant nutrients and developed the farming civilization in this fertile eastern ancient land and eventually became the force that dominates China’s social progress. Farming civilization can prevail in the process of social and economic development in ancient China. Apart from the superiority of natural conditions, what is even more important is the need of feudal rulers. In order to maintain the rule, since the Warring States Period Qin Shang Yang change, the feudal rulers almost without exception, the implementation of the policy of restrain agriculture, so that ancient China in the process of civilization for thousands of years has been fettered the land, but failed to move toward Higher stage of social development. Under the leading role of farming civilization, the small-scale peasant economy has also become the economic foundation of ancient Chinese society, and the Chinese culture formed thereon will inevitably bring a strong agricultural civilization. The Confucianism, the patriarchal clan system and the superficial things above it all have made the ancient society in China form an almost ultra-stable structure. Both in the Han and Tang dynasties, no matter in the Ming and Qing dynasties, regardless of the dynastic rise and fall of the dynasty, The pace of their own set foot forward slowly, without the slightest impact.