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这里主要谈了三个话题。首先,回顾了习性作为一个关键概念在现代社会、文化和美学理论中所扮演的角色,并表述了一系列与重复在社会生活中所起的作用有关的问题。这些问题也与福柯学派关于文化、习性和自由治理之间关系的论述有关。这里关键的问题聚焦于习性在区分拥有历史社会和无历史社会、在为有历史社会保留文化自我治理的自由形式方面所扮演的角色。接下来,较为详细地审视了这种逻辑的具体例子:19世纪晚期的生存法则中习性的作用。然后审视了这种逻辑对于殖民管理形式发展的后果。本文的结尾,主要考虑了这种关于习性的特殊论述与习性概念在人类学和生命科学中的后达尔文主义争论中所扮演的更为宽泛的、更为多样化的角色之间的关系。
There are three main topics to talk about here. First, the role of habit as a key concept in modern social, cultural and aesthetic theory is reviewed and a series of questions related to the role of repetition in social life are recounted. These issues are also related to the Foucault’s discourse on the relationship between culture, habits and free governance. The key issue here focuses on the role of habits in distinguishing between the historical and non-historical societies and in preserving the free form of cultural self-governance for historic societies. Next, a more detailed examination of this logic is a concrete example: the law of survival in the late 19th century, the role of habit. Then it examines the consequences of this logic for the development of colonial management. At the end of this paper, we mainly consider the relationship between this special discourse of habit and the broader and more diverse role played by the concept of habit in post-Darwinian debates in anthropology and life sciences.