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目的分析常熟市2010—2014年手足口病流行病学特征及病原体变化情况,为制定手足口病的防治措施提供依据。方法利用《国家疾病报告信息管理系统》收集2010—2014年常熟市手足口病数据,采用描述流行病学方法对疫情的分布进行分析。结果 2010—2014年该市手足口病发病率分别为126.43/10万、149.87/10万、168.75/10万、144.48/10万和242.62/10万。发病以男性(性别比为1∶0.60)、0~5岁年龄组(92.13%)、散居儿童(63.12%)和幼托儿童(32.67%)为主。发病率居前3位的乡镇为古里镇(199.90/10万)、虞山镇(193.15/10万)和尚湖镇(190.23/10万)。发病主要集中在4—7月份(60.53%)。重症病例男女性别比为1∶0.59,主要集中在1~2岁年龄组(54.62%)。检测的386份咽拭子标本,阳性率为59.33%,以EV71型(38.86%)和Cox A16型(36.68%)为主。重症病例阳性率为41.54%,以EV71型(92.59%)为主。结论常州市手足口病疫情不容乐观。应继续加强手足口病的监测,快速准确处置疫情,积极开展健康教育以控制该病的流行。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and pathogens of hand, foot and mouth disease in Changshu from 2010 to 2014 and provide evidence for the prevention and control of hand-foot-mouth disease. Methods The data of hand-foot-mouth disease in Changshu from 2010 to 2014 were collected using the National Disease Reporting Information Management System. Epidemiological methods were used to analyze the distribution of HFMD. Results The incidence of HFMD in the city from 2010 to 2014 was 126.43 / 100000, 149.87 / 100000, 168.75 / 100000, 144.48 / 100000 and 242.62 / 100000 respectively. Incidence of male (sex ratio of 1: 0.60), 0 to 5 age group (92.13%), scattered children (63.12%) and child care children (32.67%) mainly. The townships with the top three incidences were Guri Township (199.90 / 100,000), Yushan Township (193.15 / 100,000) and Shanghang Township (190.23 / 100,000). The incidence mainly concentrated in April-July (60.53%). The male and female ratio of severe cases was 1: 0.59, mainly in the age group of 1 ~ 2 years (54.62%). The positive rate of 386 pharyngeal swabs was 59.33%, which were mainly EV71 (38.86%) and Cox A16 (36.68%). The positive rate of severe cases was 41.54%, mainly EV71 (92.59%). Conclusion The epidemic situation of hand, foot and mouth disease in Changzhou City is not optimistic. The monitoring of hand-foot-mouth disease should continue to be strengthened, the epidemic should be quickly and accurately disposed, and health education should be actively carried out to control the epidemic.