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作为新型材料的典型代表,纳米材料具有粒径小、比表面积大、表面原子活性高等优点,已成为一类极具潜力的固相萃取材料,在痕量元素及其形态分析领域得到了广泛的应用.本文对不同类型纳米材料与原子光/质谱相结合在痕量元素及其形态分析中的应用现状进行了评述,包括零维纳米材料(如纳米球、富勒烯、量子点等)、一维纳米材料(如碳纳米管、纳米棒、纳米线等)、二维纳米材料(如纳米纤维、石墨烯/氧化石墨烯、层状双氢氧化物等)及三维纳米材料(如三维碳材料、纳米海绵、树枝状大分子等).为了改善其选择性、拓宽其在不同实际样品中的应用潜力、或进一步提高其吸附容量,一些新型的纳米材料包括离子印迹材料、限制性进入材料、金属有机框架材料等也被用于环境及生物样品中痕量元素及其形态的分析,推动了其在该研究领域的进一步发展.
As a typical representative of novel materials, nanomaterials have the advantages of small particle size, large specific surface area and high surface atomic activity. They have become a kind of potential solid phase extraction materials. They have been widely used in the field of trace elements and their morphological analysis Applications.In this paper, the application status of different types of nanomaterials combined with atomic fluorescence / mass spectrometry in trace elements and their morphological analysis are reviewed, including zero-dimensional nanomaterials (such as nanospheres, fullerenes, quantum dots, etc.) One-dimensional nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, nanorods, nanowires and the like, two-dimensional nanomaterials such as nanofibers, graphene / graphene oxide, layered double hydroxides and the like and three-dimensional nanomaterials Materials, nanosponges, dendrimers, etc.) To improve their selectivity, broaden their potential for use in different practical samples, or further increase their adsorption capacity, some novel nanomaterials include ion imprinted materials, restricted access materials , Metal-organic framework materials, etc. have also been used for the analysis of trace elements and their morphology in environmental and biological samples, promoting their further development in this research field.