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目的通过分析重庆市沙坪坝区2010—2014年全区中小学生传染病发病情况,了解其流行病学特征及变化特点,为疫情预警及采取有针对性的防控措施提供依据。方法资料来源于学校电话网络信息报送及“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”相结合,采用描述流行病学方法,对重庆市沙坪坝区2010—2014年中小学生传染病疫情资料进行分析。结果 2010—2014年学校共累计报告传染病4 958例,发病呈先降后升趋势,发病涉及乙类、丙类和其他共计12个病种。发病前3位依次为水痘(1 997例)、流行性腮腺炎(1 595例)、急性出血性结膜炎(409例),分别占发病总数的42.59%、34.02%、8.72%。发病人群以小学生为主,占78.46%。发病时间分布呈现季节双峰。结论重庆市沙坪坝区近5年学校传染病防控情况总体较好,随着流行性腮腺炎疫苗纳入基础免疫,流腮发病人数有望进一步下降,水痘依然是未来几年学校传染病防控工作的重中之重。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and characteristics of primary and secondary school students in Shapingba District in Chongqing from 2010 to 2014 and to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of the epidemic and to take targeted prevention and control measures. Methods The data were collected from the school telephone network and submitted by China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic data of primary and secondary school students in Shapingba district of Chongqing from 2010 to 2014. Results From 2010 to 2014, a total of 4 958 cases of infectious diseases were reported accumulatively in schools. The incidence dropped first and then increased. The total incidence of these diseases was about 12 diseases in categories B, C and others. The first three cases were chickenpox (1 997 cases), mumps (1 595 cases) and acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (409 cases), accounting for 42.59%, 34.02% and 8.72% of the total cases, respectively. The incidence of primary school-based population, accounting for 78.46%. The onset time distribution showed a seasonal bimodal. Conclusion The epidemic prevention and control of school-based infectious diseases in Shapingba District in Chongqing is generally good. As the mumps vaccine is included in the basic immunization, the incidence of meningitis is expected to decline further. Chickenpox is still the number of school infectious disease prevention and control work in the next few years Top priority.