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中枢神经损伤后再生的问题一直是国内外研究的热点和难点。视神经由于其特殊的结构特点,被损伤后难以再生的原因和中枢神经难以再生的原因是一致的。主要包括损伤后神经元的继发性死亡,失去靶细胞提供的营养物质,损伤局部胶质瘢痕的形成,损伤局部抑制性微环境的阻碍作用。为此,研究者们采用各种方法来促进神经元轴突再生:
The regeneration of central nervous system after injury has been a hot and difficult research at home and abroad. The reason that optic nerve is hard to regenerate after being injured due to its special structural features is consistent with the reason that central nervous system is hard to regenerate. Mainly include the secondary neurons death after injury, loss of nutrients provided by target cells, damage to the formation of local glial scar, the inhibition of the inhibitory effect of local inhibitory microenvironment. To this end, researchers have used various methods to promote axonal regeneration in neurons: