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为了深入分析沉管隧道火灾发展过程及其规模,以港珠澳沉管隧道为研究对象,建立足尺隧道火灾试验平台,配备试验测量系统,开展足尺隧道火灾试验。试验火源选用油池火、木垛火以及真实车辆,通过失重法和热辐射法相结合的方式确定火源规模,同时,探讨影响其火灾热释放速率的因素。试验结果表明:油池火更适宜作为火灾试验火源;通过不同油盘的组合能够模拟多种规模的火灾,试验中最大规模为40 MW左右;废弃小汽车火灾规模近似为5 MW,中巴车近似为15 MW。另外,影响火灾热释放速率的主要因素是燃烧面积、燃料类型、火源位置和纵向风速等。
In order to deeply analyze the development process and the scale of immersed tunnel fires, taking the immersed tunnel of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao as the research object, a full-scale tunnel fire test platform was set up with the test and measurement system to carry out the full-scale tunnel fire test. The test fire source selected the oil pool fire, the woodpile fire as well as the real vehicle. Through the combination of weight loss method and heat radiation method, the scale of fire source was determined. At the same time, the factors affecting the heat release rate of fire were discussed. The test results show that the oil pool fire is more suitable as a fire source for fire tests; the fires of various scales can be simulated through the combination of different oil trays. The maximum scale of the test is about 40 MW; the fire scale of abandoned cars is approximately 5 MW; The car is approximately 15 MW. In addition, the main factors that affect the heat release rate of fire are the burning area, the type of fuel, the location of fire source and the longitudinal wind speed.