论文部分内容阅读
胰高血糖素（Glucagon）是由胰岛α细胞分泌的29个氨基酸组成的多肽,主要调节机体血糖浓度可使其升高。 一、胰高血糖素的生理作用:由于胰高血糖素的主要生理作用具有较强的促使血糖升高,其主要途径是激活肝细胞磷酸化酶,使肝糖元分解加速及促进氨基酸的脱氨基作用,使氨基酸转化为葡萄糖,加速糖元异生。胰高血糖素当激活心肌细胞磷酸化酶时,对于心肌内糖元可加速分解利用,使心肌收缩力可增强。 二、胰高血糖素分泌的调节:胰高血糖素分泌活动的生理调节与血糖浓度有密切关系,是调节胰高血糖素分泌的最重要的因素。当血糖浓度降低时可直接作用于胰岛α细胞,促使胰高血糖素分泌增加;相反,血糖增高时,则胰高血糖素分泌减少。胰高血糖素的分泌与胰岛素有密切关系,当血糖浓度增高时,胰岛β细胞分泌胰岛素增加,胰岛素可直接作用于胰岛α细胞抑制胰高血糖素分泌,使血糖浓度降低。胰高血糖素与胰岛素两者相互作用在调节血糖浓度维持动态平衡具有重要的作用。此外,生长激素、ACTH、皮质醇、α和β肾上腺素能受体刺激物等物质对胰高血糖素的分泌调节都具有作用。
Glucagon is a polypeptide of 29 amino acids that is secreted by pancreatic α-cells and mainly regulates the body’s blood glucose concentration. First, the physiological role of glucagon: As the main physiological role of glucagon has a strong blood sugar to promote its main way is to activate liver cell phosphorylase, glycogen decomposition to accelerate and promote the release of amino acids Amino groups, the amino acids into glucose, accelerate glycogen. Glucagon when activated cardiomyocyte phosphorylase, myocardial glycogen can accelerate the decomposition and utilization, so that myocardial contractility can be enhanced. Second, the regulation of glucagon secretion: the physiological regulation of glucagon secretion activity and blood glucose levels are closely related to regulation of glucagon secretion is the most important factor. When the blood glucose concentration decreases directly on the islet alpha cells, prompting increased glucagon secretion; the contrary, increased blood glucose, glucagon secretion decreased. Glucagon secretion and insulin are closely related, when the blood glucose levels increased, pancreatic β-cell secretion of insulin, insulin can act directly on the islet α-cell inhibit glucagon secretion, so that blood glucose levels decreased. The interaction of both glucagon and insulin plays an important role in the regulation of blood glucose levels to maintain homeostasis. In addition, substances such as growth hormone, ACTH, cortisol, alpha and beta adrenergic receptor stimuli have an effect on the secretion regulation of glucagon.