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吉林省通化市农业科学研究院创立一套有机水稻栽培技术模式,利用萍、蟹防除田间杂草辅之人工除草,亩产有机水稻400公斤以上的新型有机化栽培技术模式。首次提出利用河蟹作为鉴别有机生态田的生物指示剂。有机水稻是我国有机农业的重要发展领域,有机稻米的生产过程是不使用化肥、农药、生长调节剂等物质,也不采用转基因技术及其产物,而是遵循自然规律和生态学原理,采用种养结合、循环再生、维持农田生态系统持续稳定等一系列可持续发展的农业技术进行生产的过程。其实质是在现代农业生产条件下进行传统农业的生产,核心是通过施用有机肥,培肥土壤,使地力得以保持;通过促进水稻健康生长,使其遗传特性得到充分发挥,来提高水稻抗病虫害及自然灾害的能力。本文是应用生态系统中物种共生、能量交换、物质循环再生原理,结构与功能协调原则,结合系统工程最优化法,设计分层多级利用物质的生产工艺系统,在水稻田建立一个优质、高效又保持土壤肥力,水稻田可持续发展的稻萍蟹农业生态模式。在系统中由水稻、萍、蟹构成立体结构,其中第一层次是水面上层生长的高等植物—水稻,第二层次是浮在水面上的水生低等植物—细绿萍,第三层是水下生长的动物—河蟹。三者利用同一有限的土地资源做为载体,多层次利用太阳光能,充分利用水资源,构成一个立体农业的开放系统。水稻利用光能进行光合作用,生产出绿色的碳水化合物,同时为喜阴的萍遮光、降署,为河蟹遮光,稻根为河蟹提供良好的栖息场所。细绿萍在系统中一是利用太阳能进行光合作用,生产大量的萍体,二是与兰澡共生能够起到固氮和富钾作用,三是通过覆盖水面控制水面下的杂草,四是萍体可直接为蟹提供饲料,并为之提供隐蔽、栖息、遮光、降温作用,五是萍体改良土壤为水稻提供营养物质。河蟹在生态系统中的作用,一是提高土地利用率,增加单位面积产出,二是利用河蟹除草;三是河蟹产生的粪便可以肥田;四是河蟹可作为生态农业的生物指示剂。
Tonghua City, Jilin Province Academy of Agricultural Sciences to create a set of organic rice cultivation technology model, the use of Ping, crab control field weeds supplemented by artificial weeding, mu produce more than 400 kg of organic rice new organic cultivation techniques. For the first time, the use of crab as a biological indicator to identify organic ecological fields. Organic rice is an important development field of organic agriculture in our country. The production process of organic rice does not use chemical fertilizers, pesticides, growth regulators and other substances, nor does it adopt genetically modified technology and its products. Instead, it follows the laws of nature and ecology. Raising a combination of recycling, recycling, maintaining a stable ecosystem of farmland and a series of sustainable agricultural technology for the production process. Its essence is to carry out the production of traditional agriculture under the conditions of modern agricultural production. The core is to maintain the soil fertility through the application of organic fertilizers and soil fertilizers. By promoting the healthy growth of rice and giving full play to its genetic characteristics, And natural disasters. Based on the principles of species symbiosis, energy exchange, material recycling and regeneration, principle of structure and function in ecosystem, this paper, based on the principle of system engineering optimization, designs a production process system that uses multi-level and hierarchical materials to establish a high quality and efficiency But also maintain the soil fertility, sustainable development rice paddy crab agriculture ecological model. The system consists of rice, Ping, crabs constitute a three-dimensional structure, of which the first level is the growth of the upper water surface plants - rice, the second level is floating on the surface of the aquatic lower plants - fine green Ping, the third is water Under the growing animals - crab. The three use the same limited land resources as a carrier, the use of solar energy at multiple levels, make full use of water resources to form an open system of three-dimensional agriculture. Rice uses light energy for photosynthesis to produce green carbohydrates, at the same time as the shade of Yin Ping shading, Department of dim sum for crabs, rice roots provide a good habitat for crabs. Fine Green Lupin in the system is the use of solar energy for photosynthesis, the production of a large number of Ping body, the second is with Lan Lan symbiosis can play a role in nitrogen and potassium-rich, the third is by covering the surface of the water to control weeds, four Ping The body can provide feed directly to the crab, and provide shelter, habitat, shading, cooling effect, and the fifth is the body to improve the soil to provide nutrients for rice. Crabs in the ecosystem role, one is to improve land utilization, increase output per unit area, and the second is the use of crab weeding; third, crabs can produce fertilizer manure; Fourth, crabs can be used as a biological indicator of ecological agriculture.