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美国在安全领域所形成的信誉是一个值得关注的课题。尤其在中美新型大国关系构建面临美国亚太再平衡战略、即将到来的政府换届引起的不确定背景下,对美国对华军事外交的信誉作出评估颇有必要。本文在对美国对华军事外交信誉的评估中主要循此分析路径,评价所涉要素主要包括一定历史时期美方对中国在军事领域里的承诺及其兑现情况、对相关国际准则以及双方在安全领域里的协定遵守情况。基于信誉的时间特性,本文撷取太平洋战争结束前后的对华军事外交、《上海联合公报》发布前后的对华军事外交,以及当前美国推行亚太再平衡战略下的对华军事外交进行切片分析,通过对这三个历史片断的分析,以集体记忆和观念主体为切入点对其军事交往信誉进行理性评估。最后,以结语的形式,将这一评估引入到中美两军基于信誉与合作的新型军事关系建构的讨论中。
The credibility that the United States has formed in the field of security is a topic of concern. In particular, under the background of uncertainties arising from the upcoming re-establishment of the government, the establishment of the relations between the new big powers in China and the United States faces the challenge of rebalancing the United States with the Asia-Pacific. It is necessary to evaluate the credibility of the U.S. military diplomacy with China. This article mainly follows this analysis path in the assessment of the U.S. military diplomacy with China. The elements of evaluation mainly include the U.S. commitments to the Chinese military in a certain historical period and their fulfillment, the relevant international norms and the two sides’ Agreement in compliance with the situation. Based on the creditworthiness of time characteristics, this article attempts to capture the military diplomacy with China before and after the Pacific War and the military diplomacy with China before and after the publication of the Shanghai Communiqué and the current U.S. military diplomacy with China under the strategy of rebalancing the Asia-Pacific region. Through the analysis of these three historical fragments, taking the collective memory and the concept subject as the starting point, the author makes a rational assessment of the credibility of military exchanges. Finally, in conclusion, this assessment is introduced into the discussion of the Sino-U.S. Military establishment of a new type of military relations based on credit and cooperation.