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调节经济运行是依靠市场机制还是依靠集中计划,这几乎是全世界正在讨论的热门课题。进入80年代后,越来越多的西方经济学家、发展中国家的政治家和实务家,甚至主要国际经济组织的首脑们都开始主张更多地利用市场机制,来作为提高经济效率,加速经济增长的关键手段。发达资本主义国家固然由于长期推行凯恩斯主义带来一系列社会政治经济恶果而重温经济自由主义,然而发展中国家在推行市场自由化方面走得更快。70年代中期,拉丁美洲一些国家如乌拉圭、智利、阿根廷率先向自由市场经济转变。80年代初,不仅传统上较倚重市场的国家如肯尼亚、秘鲁、菲律宾和象牙海岸,而且较倾向于社会主义的国家如斯里兰卡、牙买加和土耳其等都好象赶时髦一样搞起自由市场了。一些社会主义国家如中国、匈
It is almost a hot topic under discussion all around the world to adjust the economic operation depends on the market mechanism or rely on the centralized plan. Since the 1980s, more and more Western economists, politicians and practitioners from developing countries, and even heads of major international economic organizations have all started to advocate greater use of market mechanisms as a tool to increase economic efficiency and accelerate The key to economic growth. Although advanced capitalist countries review economic liberalism over the long-term consequences of the Keynesian crisis brought about by a series of social, political and economic events, developing countries have gone faster in promoting market liberalization. In the mid-1970s, some countries in Latin America such as Uruguay, Chile and Argentina were the first to make the transition to a free market economy. In the early 1980s, not only traditionally more market-reliant countries such as Kenya, Peru, the Philippines and the Ivory Coast, but also more socialistic countries such as Sri Lanka, Jamaica and Turkey, seemed to be fashionable in the free market. Some socialist countries such as China and Hungary