论文部分内容阅读
有机金属化学在工业中经历的变化和发展主要发生在50年代。在1950年以前,有机金属的工业应用仅限于主族化合物的化学计量反应。四乙基铅被用作汽油添加剂,锡化合物被用作聚氯乙烯的稳定剂以及砷衍生物用于医药及农业上等。虽然也有些过渡金属簇化物用于一氧化碳的催化反应,但可溶性催化剂并没在工业中起多大作用。 50年代,有机金属化学在美国化学工业中开始以重要学科而崭露头角。随着工业成长,该学科又因奠定了高分子中间体的最优均相催化过程而兴旺发达。但近年来它的日趋成熟也在化工生产中引入了很多问题。发展减慢了,一些美国公司已采取严厉措施以控制投资。在很多大化学公司内,由于减少了对有机金属化学家的雇佣而影响了有机金属化学的发展。值此有机金属化学在工业中的前景一片黯淡之际,做此展望也许不是时候,但在高速发展的电子工业和医疗保健工业的冲击下,正在转换中的有机金属化学会起更广泛的作用,这将足以弥补它在传统的化学工业中地位的变化。本文回顾了有机金属化学发展至今的简况并展望了到90年代该学科在工业发展中的良机。未来并不是过去的简单延续。在世界范围的工业中正在发生重大变革。如果有机金属化学家们能随机应变并希冀为自己的研究找到新出路的话,他们将从这些变革中受益。
Organometallic chemistry experienced changes and developments in the industry mainly occurred in the 1950s. Prior to 1950, the industrial use of organometallics was limited to the stoichiometric reaction of the main group compounds. Tetraethyl lead is used as a gasoline additive, a tin compound is used as a stabilizer for polyvinyl chloride, and arsenic derivatives are used in medicine and agriculture. Although some transition metal clusters are also used for the catalytic reaction of carbon monoxide, the soluble catalyst does not play much role in the industry. In the 1950s, organometallic chemistry began to emerge as an important discipline in the American chemical industry. As the industry grows, the discipline flourishes because of the optimal homogenous catalysis of the polymer intermediate. However, its maturing in recent years has also introduced many problems in chemical production. Growth has slowed, and some U.S. companies have taken drastic measures to rein in their investments. In many large chemical companies, the development of organometallic chemistry has been affected by the reduction of hiring of organometallic chemists. At a time when prospects for organometallic chemistry are bleak in the industry, this outlook may not be the right time, but the transformation of organometallic chemistry will play a broader role under the impact of the rapidly evolving electronics and healthcare industries , Which will be enough to make up for its changing status in the traditional chemical industry. This article reviews the recent developments in organometal chemistry and looks forward to the opportunity for industrial development of the discipline in the 1990s. The future is not a simple continuation of the past. Major changes are taking place in the world of industry. Organometalologists will benefit from these changes if they can adapt and hopefully find a new way out for their research.