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在国家管辖范围以外的深海大洋底,即国际海底,蕴藏着丰富的矿产资源。目前最有开采远景的为锰结核或称多金属结核。锰结核含有30多种有用金属,其中最有提取价值的是锰、铜、钻、镍等四种金属。《联合国海洋法公约》(下称《公约》)中明确规定,国际海底及其资源是人类共同继承财产,国际海底资源的开发应由国际海底管理局代表全人类进行管理。《公约》第十一部分和附件三、附件四,以及与《公约》同时通过的《关于多金属结核开辟活动的预备性投资》决议(即决议二)等,就国际海底资源勘探、开发的各项法律制度做了详尽的规定。
At the deep ocean floor beyond the limits of national jurisdiction, that is, the international seabed, there are abundant mineral resources. At present, the most promising prospect is manganese nodules or polymetallic nodules. Manganese nodules contain more than 30 kinds of useful metals, of which the most valuable extraction is manganese, copper, diamond, nickel and other four metals. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (hereinafter “the Convention”) clearly stipulates that the international seabed and its resources are the common heritage of mankind and the development of international seabed resources should be managed by the International Seabed Authority on behalf of all mankind. UNCLOS, Part XI and Annexes III and IV of the Convention, and the “Preliminary Investments in Pilot Activities for the Development of Multi-Metallic Nodules” adopted at the same time as the Convention (ie Resolution 2), etc., on the exploration and development of international seabed resources The various legal systems made detailed provisions.