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近代早期外商在华企业尤其是公司制企业的设立,有一个合法性问题。为了维护英商在华利益,解决英商在华公司的注册问题,同时满足部分外商希望获得治外法权庇护的需要,1865年港英政府倚仗香港殖民地的特殊身份,以1862年英国本土开始施行的《股份公司法》为模版,颁布实施《1865年香港公司条例》。该条例对公司制度作了颇为详实的规定。《1865年公司条例》的颁布与实施,不仅为外商在华公司法人资格的确立提供了便利和可能,规范了近代中国境内外商公司的创设与运营,而且促进了外商公司制企业尤其是股份有限公司制企业大规模兴起,推动了外商公司的制度建设与产业发展。
In the early days of modern China, the establishment of foreign-owned enterprises, especially corporate-owned enterprises, had a legitimacy issue. In order to safeguard the interests of British businessmen in China and to solve the problem of the registration of British businessmen in China while meeting the needs of some foreign investors for the protection of extra-territorial rights, the British Hong Kong Government in 1865 relied on the special status of Hong Kong’s colonies and adopted the “ Joint Stock Company Law ”as a template, promulgated and implemented the“ Hong Kong Companies Ordinance 1865 ”. The Ordinance made quite detailed provisions of the company system. The promulgation and implementation of the “Companies Ordinance 1865” not only provided convenience and possibility for the establishment of legal personality of foreign companies in China, regulated the establishment and operation of foreign companies in modern China, but also promoted the establishment of foreign-owned enterprises, especially limited shares The rise of large-scale corporate enterprises to promote the system of foreign companies and industrial development.