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目的掌握吉林省农村环境卫生健康危害因素水平及其动态变化,客观评价吉林省农村环境卫生状况,为制订农村环境治理政策措施提供科学依据。方法按分层随机方式抽样,每年选取9个县(市),每个县(市)抽取5个乡镇,每个乡镇选择4个村,每村抽取5户,采用统一调查表,通过访谈、现场观察等收集相关资料。结果吉林省农村生活垃圾以定点堆放为主,处理方式以填埋为主,堆放点蚊蝇密度较高,臭味较重;生活污水以随意排放为主,排放地点主要是坑塘。农村卫生厕所普及率较低,平均覆盖率为21.43%;居民饮开水率3年间增长22.86%,饭前便后都洗手的比例3年间增长23.06%。灭鼠工作开展较好,灭蝇灭蚊的控制工作较差;农村保洁人员覆盖率有所增长,环境卫生管理经费投入不足。结论农村垃圾、污水处理率和卫生厕所普及率低,蚊蝇控制工作较差,环境卫生状况有待进一步提高。
Objective To grasp the level and dynamic changes of health hazards in rural sanitation in Jilin Province, objectively evaluate the rural sanitation in Jilin Province, and provide scientific evidence for the formulation of policies and measures for rural environmental governance. METHODS: A total of 9 counties (cities) were selected each year. Five counties (cities) were selected each year. Four villages were selected for each township. Five villages were selected for each village. Through a unified questionnaire and interviews, Site observation, etc. to collect relevant information. Results The domestic garbage in Jilin Province was mainly sentinelly deposited and mainly treated in landfill sites. The density of mosquitoes and flies in the piled up sites was high and the odor was heavy. The domestic sewage was mainly discharged randomly and the discharge sites were mainly pit ponds. The penetration rate of rural sanitary latrines is relatively low, with an average coverage rate of 21.43%. Residents’ drinking water rate increased by 22.86% in three years and that of handwashing before and after meals increased by 23.06% in three years. Rodenticide work carried out better, fly control mosquito control work is poor; rural cleaning staff coverage increased, inadequate investment in environmental health management. Conclusion Rural rubbish, sewage treatment rate and sanitary latrine penetration rate are low, mosquito and fly control work is poor, and environmental health status needs to be further improved.