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党的十八届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》中指出,建立事业单位法人治理结构,推动博物馆组建理事会。章程是法人治理结构不可缺失的规章制度,理事会制度也需要章程规范约定。本文通过对我国民国时期故宫博物院等章程和国外博物馆章程进行研究,认为博物馆章程的出现源于社会实际生活对博物馆健康发展的需要,是由社会需求决定的。与我国博物馆章程制度相比,国外一些国家博物馆章程制度比较成熟。《国际博物馆协会职业道德准则》明确要求各博物馆应有书面和公开出版式的符合国家法律的章程,可见国外部分博物馆采用法人治理结构较早,博物馆章程建设已有一定的历史,其产生条件和发展过程值得我们探究,可为我国国有博物馆章程制度的设立提供可参考的经验。
The “Decision of the CPC Central Committee and the Central Government on Several Important Issues concerning Overall Deepening of the Reform” passed at the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee points out that establishing a corporate governance structure in public institutions and promoting the formation of the council by the museums. The charter is an indispensable rule of the corporate governance structure, and the governing board system also needs the rules and regulations. Through the study of the statutes of the National Palace Museum and the statutes of foreign museums in the period of the Republic of China, this paper argues that the emergence of the statute of museums stems from the needs of the actual development of the museum for the healthy development of the museum and is determined by the needs of society. Compared with the charter system of our country’s museums, the statutes system of some foreign countries is relatively mature. The ICOM Code of Professional Ethics clearly requires that all museums should have written and publicly-published articles of association in line with national laws. It can be seen that some foreign museums adopt an early-stage corporate governance structure and the constitution of the museum has a certain history and the conditions for its creation The development process deserves our exploration, which can provide reference experience for the establishment of constitutional system of state-owned museums in our country.