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目的:了解克拉玛依市乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗(HepB)接种后,人群血清乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染率的变化。方法:采用随机抽样方法抽取克拉玛依市的3个行政区0~80岁人群11 801人,进行HepB接种率及乙肝感染率的血清学调查,检测乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)及抗体(抗-HBs)、乙肝病毒核心抗体(抗-HBc)、乙肝病毒e抗原(HbeAg)和e抗体(抗-HBe)。结果:20岁~组以下各年龄组HepB疫苗平均接种率为96.33%,25岁~组以上各年龄组HepB疫苗平均接种率为45.44%,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。20岁~组以下各年龄组HBsAg阳性率为0.19%~5.41%,HBV阳性率为1.64%~37.84%,均比1990年调查结果有明显下降(P值均<0.01)。25岁~组以上各年龄组HBsAg阳性率为5.22%~10.43%,与1990年调查结果相比无明显下降(P>0.05);HBV阳性率为39.92%~53.16%,均高于1990年调查结果(P值均<0.01)。结论:实施大规模HepB接种,并保持较高的接种率,是控制HBV感染最有效的措施;在重点做好计划免疫人群HepB接种率的同时,还应提高成人HepB接种免疫。
Objective: To understand the change of serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection rate after HepB vaccination in Karamay City. Methods: A total of 11 801 people aged 0 ~ 80 in three administrative districts of Karamay were enrolled in this study. The serological investigation of HepB inoculation rate and hepatitis B infection rate were performed to detect the levels of HBsAg and anti-HBs, , Hepatitis B virus core antibody (anti-HBc), hepatitis B virus e antigen (HBeAg) and e antibody (anti-HBe). Results: The average inoculation rate of HepB vaccine was 96.33% in each age group from 20 years old to less than the group. The average vaccination rate of HepB vaccine in all age groups from 25 years old to above was 45.44%. The difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). The positive rate of HBsAg in the age group of 20 years old to below group was 0.19% ~ 5.41%, and the positive rate of HBV was 1.64% ~ 37.84%, which were significantly lower than those of the 1990 survey (all P <0.01). The positive rate of HBsAg between 25 years old and above group was 5.22% -10.43%, which was not significantly lower than that of 1990 (P> 0.05). The positive rate of HBV was 39.92% -53.16% Results (P <0.01). Conclusion: It is the most effective measure to control HBV infection when large-scale HepB inoculation is inoculated and the vaccination rate is high. HepB vaccination rate should be increased while immunization against HepB in adults should be focused on.