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目的比较新疆伊犁哈萨克自治州(伊犁州)直属地区2003～2012年5岁以下儿童死亡率和死亡主要原因,分析儿童死亡原因的变化,找出工作中存在的薄弱环节,确定今后保健工作的目标和方向。方法利用2003～2012年伊犁州直属地区所辖的八县二市5岁以下儿童死亡年报资料进行分析。结果 2012年伊犁州直属地区新生儿死亡率9.37‰,婴儿死亡率15.33‰,5岁以下儿童死亡率18.57‰;与2003年相比,新生儿死亡率下降了10.99%,婴儿死亡率下降了20.68%,5岁以下儿童死亡率下降了20.95%;5岁以下儿童死亡前五位死因顺位依次为:肺炎、出生窒息、早产/低体重、腹泻、溺水。结论①伊犁州直属地区新生儿死亡率、婴儿死亡率和5岁以下儿童死亡率大幅下降,说明通过完善县、乡、村妇幼卫生三级网建设,提高住院分娩率,开展产科、儿科规范化建设、强化业务人员培训、提高服务能力和服务质量是降低儿童死亡的有效措施。②肺炎和腹泻为主的感染性疾病导致的死亡比例较大,提示应积极加强儿科建设,配备业务人员,提高医疗水平和儿童保健服务能力;同时要加强科学育儿知识的宣传,提高家长重视儿童保健和及时就医的意识,减少儿童常见病的患病率和病死率。
Objective To compare the main causes of mortality and death among children under 5 in the immediate area of Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture (Ili Prefecture) in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Ili Prefecture) from 2003 to 2012, analyze the causes of death among children, identify the weak links in work, determine the goals of future health work and direction. Methods The data of deaths of children under 5 years old in two counties and two cities under the jurisdiction of Yili Prefecture from 2003 to 2012 were analyzed. Results The 2012 neonatal mortality rate in Yili Prefecture was 9.37 ‰, with an infant mortality rate of 15.33 ‰ and a mortality rate of 18.57 ‰ children under 5 years of age. Compared with 2003, the neonatal mortality rate dropped by 10.99% and the infant mortality rate dropped by 20.68% %. The death rate of children under 5 years of age dropped by 20.95%. The top five death causes of children under 5 years of age were pneumonia, birth asphyxia, premature birth / low birth weight, diarrhea and drowning. Conclusion ① The neonatal mortality rate, infant mortality rate and child mortality rate under 5 years old in the immediate area of Ili prefecture have dropped significantly, which shows that by improving the construction of tertiary network of maternal and child health in counties, townships and villages, the rate of hospital delivery and childbirth and the standardization of obstetrics and pediatrics , Strengthening the training of business personnel, improving service ability and service quality are effective measures to reduce child deaths. ② The proportion of deaths caused by infectious diseases such as pneumonia and diarrhea is large, suggesting that pediatric construction should be actively strengthened and staff should be equipped to improve medical care and child health care services. At the same time, publicity on scientific childcare knowledge should be strengthened so as to increase the emphasis on parents Health care and timely medical awareness, reduce the prevalence and mortality of common diseases in children.