谈“已经”的反预期语用功能

• 作 者: 许诺
• 机 构: 南开大学文学院,
• 出 处: 汉语学习
• 发表日期: 2015年01期
• 关键词: 语用 说话人 “已经” 反预期 受话人 交际意图 特定语言 语境知识 数量短语 形容词

“已经”出现的上下文中通常存在或隐含某种预期信息,而实际情况或判断与预期信息相反或者不符,通过凸显事实的已然发生来否定未发生的预期,从而实现反预期用意。因此,本文认为“已经”以凸显已然发生的事实来表达说话人反预期的交际意图,具有实现反预期的语用功能。

“Already ” appears in the context of usually there is or implied some kind of expected information, and the actual situation or judgment contrary to the expected information or inconsistencies, by highlighting the fact that has occurred to denial of non-occurrence of expectations, so as to achieve the purpose of anti-anticipation. Therefore, this paper argues that “has ” in order to highlight the fact that has already occurred to express the communicative intention of the speaker against expectations, with the pragmatic function to achieve anti-expected.