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荒漠占土库曼苏维埃社会主义共和国平原面积的85％,这些荒漠主要是由粘土,即龟裂土和盐土形成的沙漠。这里是剧烈的大陆性气候,其特征是;极度干旱,夏秋干早期长,冬季寒冷,年降水量少(每年80—120毫米)和空气相对湿度低。在这样的条件下,乔灌木植被具有特别重要的意义。乔灌木有2770万公顷。其中生产力高和有价值的林地面积为1480万公顷(有林地446万公顷,疏林地648万公顷)。木材总蓄积量达1500万立方米。林业机关认定的国有林面积超过1000万公顷。土库曼的林地面积在苏联占第五位,在中亚占第一位,而且主要
Deserts account for 85% of the area of the plain of the Socialist Republic of Turkmenistan, mainly deserts of clays, that is, loamy and saline soils. It is a fierce continental climate characterized by extreme drought with long dry summer and early autumn, cold winters, low annual rainfall (80-120 mm per year) and low relative humidity in the air. Under such conditions, tree and shrub vegetation is of particular importance. There are 27.7 million hectares of tree shrubs. Among them, the productivity and valuable forest area is 14.8 million hectares (4.46 million hectares of forest land and 6.48 million hectares of sparse woodland). The total volume of wood up to 15 million cubic meters. The state-owned forest area affirmed by the forestry authorities covers an area of more than 10 million hectares. Turkmenistan occupies the fifth largest forest area in the Soviet Union, the largest and the most important in Central Asia