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文章以清末三次变革中规模最巨，影响最大的清本新政为主题，在近年来研究成果的基础上，运用马克思主义唯物史观的基本理论，认为清末新政是近代中国社会以生产和交换方式的新旧转换为载体的近代经济关系发展变化的必然结果。它是由洋务派官僚和维新派人士共同参加的、具有发展民族资本主义性质的变法运动，对中国资本主义的发展起了促进作用。其失败的历史告诉我们：没有一个独立、自由、民主和统一的中国，改革是不可能成功的。文章中的探讨，可以帮助我们正确认识传统中国社会向现代社会的转型，近代中国社会工业化历史、政治、法律制度以及资本主义道路为什么在中国行不通等许多重大历史问题。
Based on the research results of recent years, using the basic theory of historical materialism of Marxism as the theme, this article holds that the New Deal in the late Qing Dynasty is the mode of production and exchange of modern Chinese society The old and new into a carrier of the modern economic relations and development of the inevitable result. It was jointly attended by bureaucrats and reformers of the Westernization Movement and has the reformist movement of developing the nature of national capitalism, which has played a catalytic role in the development of China’s capitalism. The history of its failure tells us: Without an independent, free, democratic and united China, reform can not be successful. The discussion in this article can help us correctly understand many important historical issues such as the transition from the traditional Chinese society to the modern society, the history of social industrialization in modern China, politics, the legal system, and why the capitalist road will not work in China.