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目的分析吉安市2004~2013年5岁以下儿童死亡率及死亡原因,探寻儿童死亡变化规律和趋势,旨在为制定科学合理的干预措施提供依据。方法对吉安市13个县(市、区)2004~2013年5岁以下儿童死亡资料进行回顾性分析。结果2013年新生儿、婴儿、5岁以下儿童死亡率分别为2.00‰、3.55‰、6.26‰,较2004年分别下降了82.61%、76.17%、63.77%,其死亡率呈现逐年下降的趋势(P<0.01);2013年1~4岁儿童死亡率为2.71‰,较2004年上升了14.35%,呈上升的趋势(P<0.01)。5岁以下儿童前5位主要死亡原因为早产及低出生体重、出生窒息、溺水、肺炎、先天性心脏病等。结论2004~2013年吉安市5岁以下儿童死亡率呈现逐年下降趋势,而一系列妇幼策略和措施的实施,使得新生儿、婴儿死亡率逐年大幅下降,是影响其近10年死亡率逐年下降的主要原因。
Objective To analyze the mortality rate and cause of death of children under 5 years of age from 2004 to 2013 in Ji’an and explore the changing rules and trends of child mortality in order to provide basis for establishing scientific and reasonable intervention measures. Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted on the death data of children under 5 years of age from 2004 to 2013 in 13 counties (cities and districts) in Ji’an City. Results The death rates of newborns, infants and children under 5 in 2013 were 2.00 ‰, 3.55 ‰ and 6.26 ‰, respectively, down by 82.61%, 76.17% and 63.77% respectively from 2004, and the mortality rate showed a declining trend year by year <0.01). In 2013, the mortality rate of children aged 1 to 4 years was 2.71 ‰, an increase of 14.35% compared with that of 2004 (P <0.01). The top 5 causes of death among children under 5 years of age are premature birth and low birth weight, birth asphyxia, drowning, pneumonia and congenital heart disease. Conclusion From 2004 to 2013, the mortality rate of children under 5 years of age in Ji’an City showed a declining trend year by year. However, the implementation of a series of maternal and child strategies and measures resulted in a sharp drop in the neonatal and infant mortality rates year by year, affecting the year-by-year mortality rate declining year by year main reason.