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目的研究农村地区毛细支气管炎患儿发生支气管哮喘的相关危险因素,为农村毛细支气管炎患儿防治哮喘提供临床参考。方法选取2005年1月-2008年5月沧州地区农村毛细支气管炎患儿575例,于2011年5月-2013年10月,分阶段对患儿进行29项因素问卷调查及相关的临床体检,完成调查300例,分为哮喘组和非哮喘组。各因素与哮喘的相关性统计,采用软件SPSS 16.0,进行多元Logistic回归分析。结果 300例毛细支气管炎患儿,哮喘患病率为26.33%;哮喘的危险因素依次为:反复下呼吸道感染(X10)(OR=65.562;95%CI:21.604~198.963),一二级亲属过敏性鼻炎史(X6)(OR=8.161;95%CI:2.735~24.350),湿疹史(X3)(OR=5.538;95%CI:2.322~13.208),个人过敏史(X4)(OR=3.458;95%CI:1.529~7.823),一二级亲属哮喘史(X5)(OR=3.204;95%CI:1.330~7.721)。结论反复下呼吸道感染是哮喘发生的强预测因子、一二级亲属过敏性鼻炎、哮喘史、湿疹史、个人过敏史是本地区农村毛细支气管炎患儿发生哮喘的危险因素。
Objective To study the risk factors of bronchial asthma in children with bronchiolitis in rural areas and to provide clinical reference for the prevention and treatment of asthma in children with rural bronchiolitis. Methods From January 2005 to May 2008 in Cangzhou rural children with bronchiolitis in 575 cases, from May 2011 to October 2013, a total of 29 children in stages of questionnaire survey and related clinical examination, 300 cases completed the investigation, divided into asthma group and non-asthma group. Various factors and asthma statistics, using software SPSS 16.0, multiple logistic regression analysis. Results The prevalence of asthma in children with bronchiolitis was 26.33%. The risk factors for asthma were as follows: repeated lower respiratory tract infection (X10) (OR = 65.562; 95% CI: 21.604 to 198.963), first- (OR = 8.161; 95% CI: 2.735-24.350), history of eczema (X3) (OR = 5.538; 95% CI: 2.322-13.208), history of personal allergy (X4) 95% CI: 1.529 ~ 7.823). The first and second relatives had a history of asthma (X5) (OR = 3.204; 95% CI: 1.330-7.721). Conclusions Repeated lower respiratory tract infection is a strong predictor of asthma. The first and second relatives have allergic rhinitis, asthma history, history of eczema and personal allergy history. These are the risk factors of asthma in rural children with bronchiolitis in this area.