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细胞核内的染色体是生物遗传的主要物质基础,是基因的载体。染色体的形态和结构的变化有着一系列的规律性。核型分析,就是对染色体组中的每个染色体进行测定和计算,以便了解和掌握染色体数目和形态的变化规律。树木染色体核型分析,对于研究树木的起源和演化、种间的亲缘关系,以及对种间杂种的鉴定等,都是非常重要的。对树木细胞染色体核型的研究,开始的较晚。在国外研究较多的是松树、云杉等针叶树种的细胞核,如 M.A Devescovi 等人对四个不同种源的花旗松进行核型分析表明,
Chromosomes in the nucleus of the nucleus are the major material bases of biological inheritance and the carriers of genes. Chromosome morphology and structure changes have a series of regularity. Karyotyping is the measurement and calculation of each chromosome in a genome to understand and grasp the changing rules of chromosome number and morphology. Chromosome karyotype analysis of trees is very important for studying the origin and evolution of trees, the genetic relationship among species, and the identification of interspecific hybrids. The study on the karyotype of tree cells started later. Studies in foreign countries are the nuclei of coniferous species such as pine and spruce. For example, M.A Devescovi et al. Analyzed the karyotypes of Douglas fir from four different provenances.