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明清时期,由于户籍及赋役制度等方面的影响,许多明初由单个家庭所立的户名一直被其子孙继承,并逐渐形成了同一户名下生活着众多单个家庭的局面,而且在共担赋役的过程中产生户长一职。自明代中后期开始,地方官针对里甲中各户发展不平衡,以及避免收头、吏胥等在赋役征发过程中的舞弊现象,曾利用户长作为赋役征派体系中的重要一环。在民间,户逐渐转变为户族,户长也相应地过渡到族长。随着入清之后赋役改革的不断深入,户长的赋役色彩渐淡,官府进一步赋予户长更多的责任,利用他们来控御地方社会。户及户长的演变过程,正显示出一幅官民互动的生动场景。
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, due to the influence of household registration and taxation system, many family names established by single families in the early Ming Dynasty were inherited by their children and grandchildren. Gradually, many single families lived under the same name, The process of bringing the captain of the post. Since the middle and late Ming Dynasty, local officials have targeted the imbalanced development of households in Ligajia and avoided fraudulent practices during the process of tax collection and collection, such as collecting capitals and collecting tax, and have used the head of household as an important part of the tax collection system. In the private sector, households gradually turned into household groups and headmasters also made the transition to patriarchs. With the deepening of tax reform after the entry into the Qing dynasty, the tax liability of the head of household diminished, and the government further granted greater responsibility to the head of the household and used them to control the local community. The evolution of households and headmasters is showing a vivid scene of interaction between officials and civilians.