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目的：为了解支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）细胞学在哮喘、慢性支气管炎（慢支）和过敏性肺炎（HP）的特征。方法：分别对16例哮喘，15例慢支，16例过敏性肺炎患者的BALF中细胞分类计数、T淋巴细胞亚群及HLA－DR进行了测定。结果：哮喘患者BALF中嗜酸细胞及淋巴细胞表面HLA－DR明显高于慢支和过敏性肺炎组（P＜0．01）；过敏性肺炎的淋巴细胞、CDS8+细胞明显高于哮喘和慢支组（P＜0．01）；慢支组中性粒细胞明显高于哮喘和过敏性肺炎组（P＜0．01）。结论：测定BALF中细胞分类计数、T细胞亚群及HLA－DR，对鉴别哮喘、慢支和过敏性肺炎有指导作用，对研究各自不同的病理生理学过程也可提供有益的线索。
Objective: To understand the characteristics of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytology in asthma, chronic bronchitis (chronic bronchitis) and allergic pneumonia (HP). Methods: The cell count, T lymphocyte subsets and HLA-DR in BALF of 16 patients with asthma, 15 chronic bronchitis and 16 patients with allergic pneumonia were measured. Results: The levels of HLA-DR on the eosinophils and lymphocytes in BALF were significantly higher in patients with asthma than in those with chronic bronchitis and allergic pneumonia (P <0.01). Lymphocytes and CD8 + cells in allergic pneumonia were significantly higher than those in asthma and chronic bronchitis (P <0.01). The neutrophils in chronic bronchitis group were significantly higher than those in asthma and allergic pneumonia group (P <0.01). CONCLUSION: The determination of cell count, T cell subsets and HLA-DR in BALF may be instructive for differential diagnosis of asthma, chronic bronchitis and allergic pneumonia. It may also provide useful clues for studying different pathophysiological processes.