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2015年,新修订的《中华人民共和国食品安全法》第一次从国家法律的层面要求对转基因食品实施强制标示制度。目前,国际上存在两种转基因食品标签制度:自愿标签和强制标签。强制标签相比自愿标签会增加产品的成本,其中部分成本将会以食品价格上涨的形式传导给消费者,主要包括:标签直接成本、产品身份保存成本和隔离成本、标签的负面效应所带来的成本和上架新产品的成本等等;而另外一部分成本,例如因转基因作物种植面积减少而带来的环境利益的下降、农民收入的减少和政府的执行监管成本等,虽然不会以食品价格上涨的形式传导给消费者,但最终也将由纳税人承担。
In 2015, the newly revised “Food Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China” required, for the first time, a compulsory labeling system for genetically modified food from the national law level. At present, there are two kinds of GM food labeling systems in the world: voluntary labeling and mandatory labeling. Compulsory labeling will increase the cost of the product compared to the voluntary labeling. Some of the costs will be transmitted to consumers in the form of rising food prices. These include: label direct costs, product identity preservation costs and isolation costs, as a result of the negative effects of labels Of the cost and the cost of new products, etc .; while the other part of the cost, such as decreased environmental benefits due to the reduced area of genetically modified crops, reduced farmers’ incomes and the government’s regulatory costs, will not be based on food prices Rise in the form of conduction to consumers, but eventually will also be borne by taxpayers.